TSE in Spain: AI qualitative analysis of LOMLOE

Evidano is an AI-powered qualitative data analysis platform that helps researchers analyze interviews, open-ended surveys, and documents. This post refracts the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article through the lens of AI-enabled qualitative research to answer one question: did Spain’s 2020 education reform create genuine openings for transformative sustainability education? According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, the authors identify three historical periods (1975–1990, 1990–2018, 2019–present) and trace policy text plus interview data to map discursive change. According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, the study used seven in-depth interviews conducted between February and September 2025 and analysed national laws from 1975 onward. Below we (1) summarize the PLOS findings, (2) show extractable evidence you can reuse in briefs, and (3) explain how AI-enabled qualitative tools speed reproducible synthesis for researchers and policy teams.

Key Takeaways

Spain’s LOMLOE created a partial discursive opening for transformative sustainability education, but entrenched neoliberal governance risks co-optation, according to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article. According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, the authors identify three periods in Spanish education discourse (1975–1990; 1990–2018; 2019–present) and note that sustainability became central in the 2020 law while implementation gaps remain.

The PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article was published on August 18, 2026 and analyses education laws and interviews spanning 1975 to 2025.
The study conducted seven in-depth interviews between February and September 2025 and coded national law preambles and parliamentary debates for discursive shifts.
Spain’s LOMLOE (introduced in 2020, rolled out 2021–2024) explicitly frames schools to “become a place of stewardship and care for our environment, ” a quotation cited in the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article.
The authors report that while sustainability is now a central signifier in policy (2019–present), bureaucratic burdens, limited teacher training, and market-oriented accountability remain barriers to classroom-level transformative practice.

What happened and how the PLOS study measured it

Answer: The PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article maps a discursive shift toward sustainability in Spanish education policy but finds persistent neoliberal continuities that constrain implementation.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, the authors applied discourse analysis to national education laws from 1975 to the present and triangulated document coding with seven in-depth interviews conducted between February and September 2025.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, the analysis identifies three periods: emancipatory aspirations during Spain’s democratic transition (1975–1990), consolidation of an OECD-shaped neoliberal consensus (1990–2018), and a discursive opening for transformative sustainability education from 2019 onward.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, the 2020 LOMLOE law incorporated proposals from social-ecological movements and introduces cross-disciplinary “learning situations, ” but the article documents that teacher training targets set for 2025 were not met within the stated term.

Findings snapshot

Date	Metric	Value	Implication
August 18, 2026	Article publication	PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article published	Peer-reviewed evidence base you can cite for Spain’s TSE openings
Feb–Sep 2025	Interviews	7 in-depth interviews	Qualitative triangulation of law texts and actor perspectives
2020 (rolled out 2021–2024)	Policy event	LOMLOE education law enacted and implemented	Legally embeds sustainability signifiers and cross-disciplinary learning
1975–1990; 1990–2018; 2019–present	Discursive periods	Three historical periods identified	Frames how reform energy and constraints evolved over time

Implications for education researchers and policy analysts

Answer: The Spanish case shows that policy language can open space for transformative education but that implementation depends on teacher capacity, assessment systems, and governance incentives.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, embedding sustainability as a policy signifier (LOMLOE 2020) legitimizes transdisciplinary pedagogy for motivated teachers, but the article documents three practical constraints: inadequate training, added qualitative evaluation burdens, and persistent market-oriented accountability.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, regional political contestation (for example in Madrid) and delegation of vocational sustainability modules to private foundations demonstrate how a floating signifier like “sustainability” can be co-opted into neoliberal narratives.

For researchers: prioritize mixed qualitative methods that combine longitudinal document coding with purposive interviews, and capture implementation metrics such as teacher training completion by date (target 2025 in the PLOS study) and changes in student evaluation practices.

How Evidano helps: from messy policy texts to actionable synthesis

Problem: Tracking discursive shifts across laws and interviews is slow

Answer: AI-enabled ingestion and thematic coding drastically reduce manual synthesis time.

Evidano is an AI-powered qualitative data analysis platform that helps researchers analyze interviews, open-ended surveys, and documents.

Feature fit: Evidano ingests PDFs of law preambles, parliamentary minutes, and interview transcripts, applies reproducible thematic coding, and exports code frequency, co-occurrence networks, and illustrative quotes so you can trace signifier shifts like those the PLOS article documents.

Problem: Triangulating document analysis with interview excerpts requires careful provenance

Answer: Provenance-aware search and quote linking make triangulation auditable.

Feature fit: Evidano maintains document-level metadata (dates, speakers, file sources) and shows all coded excerpts alongside original transcripts, which matches the PLOS study practice of triangulating seven interviews with law texts.

Problem: Preparing evidence summaries for policy teams is time-consuming

Answer: Automated extractive summaries and exportable tables let teams move from analysis to policy brief quickly.

Feature fit: Evidano generates extractable findings, downloadable tables similar to the snapshot above, and visualizations that let you show discursive periods, training gaps, and quote evidence without retyping. Learn more on our features page.

FAQ: transformative sustainability education

What is transformative sustainability education in the context of Spain?

Answer: Transformative sustainability education emphasizes relational, experiential, and transdisciplinary learning aimed at changing worldviews and agency, not just knowledge transfer.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, TSE in Spain is described as fostering “experiential and embodied pedagogies, ” whole-school approaches, and cross-disciplinary “learning situations” embedded in the LOMLOE 2020 reform.

Did LOMLOE legally require teachers to use TSE methods?

Answer: LOMLOE incorporated TSE-aligned language but did not fully ensure classroom adoption.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, the law frames schools as places of stewardship and mandates cross-disciplinary learning, yet the article documents that teacher training targets set for 2025 were not met within the term, limiting implementation.

How can AI help evaluate whether policy language changed classroom practice?

Answer: AI-assisted qualitative analysis scales coding across documents, interviews, and implementation data to measure concordance between policy text and practice.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, the authors triangulated law text and seven interviews to assess openings versus barriers; AI workflows can reproduce and extend that triangulation by adding surveys, observation notes, and training completion records.

Is sustainability likely to be co-opted by market-oriented education actors?

Answer: Yes, the PLOS study warns sustainability is a contested signifier that can be co-opted without structural governance change.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, examples include outsourcing vocational sustainability modules to private foundations and regional rollbacks of content labelled “ideological, ” which demonstrates the risk of hollowing out TSE while retaining neoliberal accountability.

Conclusion & Next Steps

Answer: Spain’s LOMLOE opened discursive space for transformative sustainability education, but implementation will depend on teacher capacity, assessment reform, and governance incentives.

According to the PLOS Sustainability and Transformation article, the law (2020, rolled out 2021–2024) legitimizes cross-disciplinary and experiential pedagogies while seven interviews (Feb–Sep 2025) and policy text analysis show persistent neoliberal pressures that risk co-optation.

If you are a researcher or policy team seeking reproducible, auditable synthesis of laws, interviews, and implementation data, AI-enabled qualitative workflows shorten the path from coded evidence to briefable findings.

To try these workflows, Try Evidano for free.

Topics

transformative sustainability education
TSE Spain
education policy Spain
AI qualitative analysis
LOMLOE analysis

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