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Human vs AI

Validated across multiple Human vs AI comparisons

Research teams have tested Evidano’s AI-powered qualitative analysis against their own human coding, and published the results.

96% Accuracy Coding Interview Transcripts

In a peer-reviewed paper, Arizona State University and Penn State researchers used Evidano to analyze 371 transcripts.

"The benefit of using Evidano was its capacity to generate explanations and justifications for coding decisions. This provided transparency that strengthened our human-in-the-loop process"

Human
13 weeks
  • • Affected by fatigue, overload, selective attention
Human + Evidano
96%
Accuracy
  • • 12 hours total processing
  • • Transparent reasoning for every code

Use This AI Approach for:

Interview analysis • Transcript coding • Qualitative research • Thematic Analysis • Grounded Theory

92% Accuracy Coding Evaluation Reports

The UN Evaluation Group used Evidano to analyze 298 evaluation reports using a realist evaluation approach.

"The AI tool achieved an accuracy of 92 per cent for coding the evaluation reports ... [with] a total of 132 CMO configurations were identified"

Human
Weeks
Processing Time
  • • Multiple evaluators needed
  • • Hard to be consistent
Human + Evidano
3 hours
Processing Time
  • • 92% accuracy vs human coders
  • • Consistent codebook

Use This AI Approach for:

Literature reviews • Meta-evaluations • Systematic reviews • Report synthesis • Document screening • Evidence mapping

8 of 9 Human Themes Matched in Survey Responses

In a peer-reviewed paper, University of Texas at Austin and Wichita State researchers used Evidano to check their own thematic analysis of 224 open-ended survey responses.

"...were supported by the AI-assisted analysis with only minor differences in wording"

Human
9
Themes coded by hand
  • • 224 responses to two open-ended questions
Human + Evidano
8 of 9
Themes supported
  • • Independent check for oversights and bias
  • • One extra theme per question to weigh

Use This Approach For:

Survey open-ends • Analytic triangulation • Second-coder checks • Blind-spot and bias review

Read the research spotlight

Turn 54 hours of manual analysis into 1 hour using AI

UNICEF compared human and Evidano coding of 160 management responses.

"Overall, the Evidano platform did a very good job in identifying key themes in the data and also in summarizing these key themes in prose"

"provided a wide range of examples to illustrate the themes, pulling directly from recommendations and actions"

Human
$5,000
Cost
  • • 54 hours of manual coding
Human + Evidano
$50
Cost (self-serve)
  • • 1 hour (self-serve)

Use This Approach For:

Survey open-ends • Social media comment analysis • Feedback coding • Management response analysis • Thematic analysis at scale

The wider benchmark

How Evidano compares with other AI tools

Evidano’s results sit inside a wider benchmark: 34 published papers (2024–2026) that measured AI-generated codes and themes against human coders, covering general-purpose models and the AI features of other QDA packages as well as Evidano. The chart averages one headline result per study for each tool. The method and every study, with its source, are under the chart, and each study is summarised on the tool comparison.

Approximate average agreement with expert human analysisAI-generated qualitative codes and themes, benchmarked against human coders in 34 published papers (2024–2026).
  1. Evidano#1previously AILYZE
    92.3%

    Average of 92.0% coding accuracy in Brouek et al., κ = .959 inter-rater reliability in Firetto et al., and 8 of 9 human-coded themes (88.9%) supported in Abner & Mee.

    Sample: 5,133 evaluation units · Sources: Brouek, Mansour & Goh (2024), Firetto, Murphy, Yan & Tang (2025), Abner & Mee (2026)

  2. DeepSeek
    65.5%

    Average of six studies: weighted κ = .755 for DeepSeek V3 in Bennis & Mouaffaq, mean code-tuned κ = .529 in Matveyenko et al., κ = .53 in Camporese et al., κ = .68 in Mizumoto & Teng, mean κ = .69 in Na & Feng, and 15 of 20 human themes (75%) identified in Yu et al.

    Sample: ≈288,718 evaluation units · Sources: Bennis & Mouaffaq (2025), Matveyenko et al. (2026), Camporese, Massacci & Gong (2026), Mizumoto & Teng (2025), Na & Feng (2025), Yu et al. (2026)

  3. GPT familyincl. QualiGPT, o3 & GPT-5
    60.2%

    Average of one headline result from each of 24 studies, from κ = .10 across all excerpts in Wang et al. to all 7 human themes matched in Bang et al. Sixteen of the 24 results are kappa values; the rest are F1, percent agreement, or the share of human codes or themes matched.

    Sample: ≈312,794 evaluation units · Sources: Zhang et al. (2025), Bennis & Mouaffaq (2025), Dunivin (2025), Cui et al. (2026), Hill et al. (2026), Matveyenko et al. (2026), Ayik, Gu, Zan, Kim & Kim (2026), Jeong et al. (2025), DeRegnaucourt et al. (2026), Liu et al. (2025), Wen et al. (2026), von der Heyde et al. (2025), Turner et al. (2026), Wang et al. (2025), Bang et al. (2026), Yang & Ma (2025), Qiao et al. (2025), Castellanos et al. (2025), Koh et al. (2025), Ren et al. (2026), Habib et al. (2026), López-Pérez et al. (2025), Camporese, Massacci & Gong (2026), Na & Feng (2025)

  4. MAXQDAAI Assist
    58.0%

    Average of 64.0% segment correspondence in Schueller et al., 50.0% exact-theme correspondence in Ayik et al., κ = .38 (the best of the reported prompts and overlap thresholds) in Boettinger et al., and F1 = .80 in a pilot by Červeňová & Demkanin.

    Sample: 1,789 evaluation units · Sources: Schueller, Trettin & Huber (2026), Ayik, Gu, Zan, Kim & Kim (2026), Boettinger, Bürgel & Bartsch (2026), Červeňová & Demkanin (2025)

  5. Claude
    54.7%

    Average of ten studies: κ = .420 in Zhang et al., weighted κ = .780 in Bennis & Mouaffaq, κ = .350 in Hill et al., F1 = .831 under structured prompting in AlGhamdi, mean κ = .71 in Misgav et al., mean κ = .43 in Koh et al., mean F1 = .63 in Ren et al., κ = .25 in Habib et al., κ > .76 in López-Pérez et al., and κ = .30 in Camporese et al.

    Sample: 7,835 evaluation units · Sources: Zhang et al. (2025), Bennis & Mouaffaq (2025), Hill et al. (2026), AlGhamdi (2026), Misgav et al. (2026), Koh et al. (2025), Ren et al. (2026), Habib et al. (2026), López-Pérez et al. (2025), Camporese, Massacci & Gong (2026)

  6. ATLAS.tiATLAS.ti AI
    16.7%

    Ayik et al. reported one exact match among six validated human themes.

    Sample: 6 evaluation units · Source: Ayik, Gu, Zan, Kim & Kim (2026)

  7. NVivoAI Assistant

    No qualifying quantitative benchmark. NVivo has limited AI capabilities.

How these figures are calculated

This comparison summarises every quantitative study we could find that evaluated AI-generated qualitative codes, themes or classifications against human analysis. For each tool or model family, one headline result was taken from each relevant study and converted to a percentage; where a paper evaluated several models from the same family, those scores were averaged first. The displayed figure is the simple average across a tool’s studies. Evidano’s 92.3%, for example, averages the 92% coding accuracy reported in the UNFPA–UNICEF meta-synthesis, the κ = .959 reported by Firetto et al. and the 8 of 9 human themes (88.9%) supported in Abner & Mee.

A study qualifies when it was published in 2024–2026 in a peer-reviewed journal or proceedings, or as a United Nations evaluation, and compares a named tool or model with human coding. Where a paper compared prompts or settings, the result for its final or best-performing prompted configuration was used, never a fine-tuned model or a subset that leaves out the AI’s misses; where it reported results only per code or category, those were averaged. Preprints, and studies that measured only embedding similarity, preference ratings or run-to-run consistency, are not included.

The studies used different measures, including Cohen’s kappa, F1 score, percent agreement, the share of human codes or themes matched, and agreement with manually coded segments; kappa and F1 values are shown as percentages for readability. Benchmark sample sizes sum the evaluation units each study reported (reports × codes, discussion turns, utterances, coded segments, excerpts, themes, responses, transcripts), counting the same source data once per tool.

All 34 studies in the comparison

  1. Brouek, S., Mansour, N., & Goh, J. (2024). What works to amplify the rights and voices of youth in education and employment? Lessons from the meta-synthesis of United Nations evaluations to advance the United Nations Youth Strategy. UNFPA & UNICEF Evaluation Offices.
  2. Firetto, C. M., Murphy, P. K., Yan, L., & Tang, Y. (2025). AI-powered coding of elementary students’ small-group discussions about text. Proceedings of AIME-Con: Works in Progress (pp. 125–134). NCME.
  3. Schueller, T., Trettin, A., & Huber, S. (2026). Evaluating AI-assisted deductive coding in MAXQDA: A methodological analysis of inputs and outputs. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 25.
  4. Ayik, B., Gu, D., Zan, Y., Kim, S., & Kim, W. L. (2026). Human vs. AI: Evaluating thematic analysis with ChatGPT, QInsights, ATLAS.ti AI, and MAXQDA AI Assist. Qualitative Inquiry.
  5. Bennis, I., & Mouaffaq, S. (2025). Advancing AI-driven thematic analysis in qualitative research: A comparative study of nine generative models on cutaneous leishmaniasis data. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 25, 124.
  6. Matveyenko, J., Liu, J., Parsons, J. D., Brown, R. A., Palimaru, A. I., Gupta, V., & Puri, P. (2026). Development and benchmarking of a blended human-AI qualitative research assistant. Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Industry Track (pp. 1917–1932). ACL.
  7. Zhang, H., Wu, C., Xie, J., Rubino, F., Graver, S., Cai, J., Kim, C., & Carroll, J. M. (2025). Exploring inductive and deductive qualitative coding with AI: Investigating inter-rater reliability between large language model and human coders. AHFE Open Access, 195, 142–152.
  8. Hill, C., Dahil, A., Simpson, G., Hardisty, D., Keast, J., Pinn, C. K., & Dambha-Miller, H. (2026). Large language models for thematic analysis in healthcare research: A blinded mixed-methods comparison with human analysts. PLOS Digital Health, 5, e0001189.
  9. AlGhamdi, R. (2026). From code variability to theme convergence: AI–human alignment in thematic analysis with Claude Code. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 25.
  10. Dunivin, Z. O. (2025). Scaling hermeneutics: A guide to qualitative coding with LLMs for reflexive content analysis. EPJ Data Science, 14.
  11. Cui, W., Hao, J., Jiang, Y., Kyllonen, P. C., & Kerzabi, E. (2026). Automated coding of communication data using large language models: A comparison of hierarchical and direct prompting strategies. Frontiers in Education, 11, 1764154.
  12. Abner, G., & Mee, E. (2026). What signals police leadership quality to the public? A look at evidence-based policing and professional standards. Journal of Experimental Criminology.
  13. Boettinger, J., Bürgel, C., & Bartsch, A. (2026). A hybrid intelligence approach to qualitative data analysis combining manual and AI coding with mixed methods analyses of reliability and validity. Quality & Quantity.
  14. Červeňová, D., & Demkanin, P. (2025). Using LLM to identify pillars of the mind within physics learning materials. Digital, 5(4), 47.
  15. Misgav, K., Neufeld-Kroszynski, G., Palombo, M., & Karnieli-Miller, O. (2026). Human analysis vs. artificial intelligence: Analyzing of qualitative medical students’ narratives. Qualitative Health Research, 36(2–3), 218–230.
  16. Koh, S. W. C., Wong, E. R. N., Tan, J. C. M., van der Lubbe, S. C. C., Goh, J. C., Ching, E. S. Y., Chia, I. W. Y., Low, S. H., Ang, P. Y., Quek, Q., Motani, M., & Valderas, J. M. (2025). Classifying patient complaints using artificial intelligence–powered large language models: Cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e74231.
  17. Ren, S., Nguyen, H., Bernacki, M. L., Yu, L., & Greene, J. A. (2026). Using large language models for automated coding of self-regulated learning think-aloud protocol data. Journal of Learning Analytics, 13(2), 1–24.
  18. Habib, D. R. S., Depala, K., Lin, J., Le, S., McFall, N., Dewan, S. S., Huang, J., Habib, M. W. S., Bishay, A. E., Siebor, K., Babaoglu, G., Chowdhury, N. I., & Moberly, A. C. (2026). Patient experiences in the cochlear implant Reddit community: Comparing human and large language model categorization. American Journal of Audiology, 35(2), 487–496.
  19. López-Pérez, B., Chen, Y., Li, X., Cheng, S., & Razavi, P. (2025). Exploring the potential of large language models to understand interpersonal emotion regulation strategies from narratives. Emotion, 25(7), 1653–1667.
  20. Camporese, M., Massacci, F., & Gong, Y. (2026). LLMs for qualitative data analysis fail on security-specific comments in human experiments. Proceedings of the 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension (pp. 515–526). ACM.
  21. Mizumoto, A., & Teng, M. F. (2025). Large language models fall short in classifying learners’ open-ended responses. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 100210.
  22. Na, Y., & Feng, S. (2025). LLM-assisted automated deductive coding of dialogue data: Leveraging dialogue-specific characteristics to enhance contextual understanding. In Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2025), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (pp. 248–262). Springer.
  23. Yu, S., Lyu, M., Ma, H., Xu, K., Li, H., Ma, L., & Ji, M. (2026). Attitudes and willingness to participate in drug clinical trials among patients with cancer: Multistage qualitative study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 28, e88758.
  24. Jeong, Y., Smith, M., Gallo, R. J., Knowlton, L. M., Lin, S., & Shieh, L. (2025). Leveraging ChatGPT for thematic analysis of medical best practice advisory data. JAMIA Open, 8(5), ooaf126.
  25. DeRegnaucourt, A., Jennings, K. M., Zahn, A., Taliwal, N., Kelleher, M., Zhou, C. Y., Overla, S., Santen, S. A., Weber, D. E., & Turner, L. (2026). Large language model–assisted thematic coding in medical education research: Comparative methodological study. JMIR Formative Research, 10, e85572.
  26. Liu, X., Zambrano, A. F., Baker, R. S., Barany, A., Ocumpaugh, J., Zhang, J., Pankiewicz, M., Nasiar, N., & Wei, Z. (2025). Qualitative coding with GPT-4: Where it works better. Journal of Learning Analytics, 12(1), 169–185.
  27. Wen, C., Clough, P., Paton, R., & Middleton, R. (2026). Leveraging large language models for thematic analysis: A case study in the charity sector. AI & Society, 41(1), 731–748.
  28. von der Heyde, L., Haensch, A.-C., Weiß, B., & Daikeler, J. (2025). Using large language models for coding German open-ended survey responses on survey motivation. Survey Research Methods, 19(4), 355–370.
  29. Turner, J., Hey, S. P., Baker, Z. G., Mor, V., & Sullivan, J. L. (2026). Large language models for deductive qualitative content analysis in dementia-focused embedded pragmatic clinical trials: A comparative methodological study. Implementation Science Communications, 7, 130.
  30. Wang, Q., Erqsous, M., Barner, K. E., & Mauriello, M. L. (2025). LATA: A pilot study on LLM-assisted thematic analysis of online social network data generation experiences. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 9(2), CSCW124.
  31. Bang, S. H., Han, S., Reading Turchioe, M., Ellison, M., Dai, S., Happ, M. B., Russell, D., & Masterson Creber, R. (2026). Developing and evaluating human-led and large language model–assisted hybrid deductive–inductive workflows for qualitative analysis. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, ocag123.
  32. Yang, Y., & Ma, L. (2025). Artificial intelligence in qualitative analysis: A practical guide and reflections based on results from using GPT to analyze interview data in a substance use program. Quality & Quantity, 59(3), 2511–2534.
  33. Qiao, S., Fang, X., Wang, J., Zhang, R., Li, X., & Kang, Y. (2025). Generative AI for thematic analysis in a maternal health study: Coding semistructured interviews using large language models. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 17(3), e70038.
  34. Castellanos, A., Jiang, H., Gomes, P., Vander Meer, D., & Castillo, A. (2025). Large language models for thematic summarization in qualitative health care research: Comparative analysis of model and human performance. JMIR AI, 4, e64447.

More published cross-checks

Published studies that ran Evidano alongside their own manual coding and reported how the two compared.

Explore more evidence

Full write-ups of these studies, interviews with the researchers behind them, and the wording their authors published when citing Evidano.

Test AI thematic analysis on your own data

The only convincing benchmark is your data, your codebook, and your judgment. The free plan is free forever — run a transcript through and audit the output.